Project CMSSW displayed by LXR CMSSW_15_1_X_2025-05-22-2300/​Utilities/​XrdAdaptor/​src/​XrdRequestManager.cc	Source navigation Diff markup Identifier search General search
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File indexing completed on 2025-04-11 22:24:43

 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <memory>
 
 #include <netdb.h>
 
 #include "XrdCl/XrdClPostMasterInterfaces.hh"
 #include "XrdCl/XrdClPostMaster.hh"
 
 #include "XrdCl/XrdClFile.hh"
 #include "XrdCl/XrdClDefaultEnv.hh"
 #include "XrdCl/XrdClFileSystem.hh"
 
 //#define CPUTIME_IN_XRD
 #if defined(CPUTIME_IN_XRD)
 #include "FWCore/Utilities/interface/CPUTimer.h"
 #endif
 #include "FWCore/Utilities/interface/EDMException.h"
 #include "FWCore/Utilities/interface/Likely.h"
 #include "FWCore/MessageLogger/interface/MessageLogger.h"
 #include "FWCore/ServiceRegistry/interface/Service.h"
 #include "FWCore/Utilities/interface/thread_safety_macros.h"
 #include "Utilities/StorageFactory/interface/StatisticsSenderService.h"
 
 #include "XrdStatistics.h"
 #include "Utilities/XrdAdaptor/src/XrdRequestManager.h"
 #include "Utilities/XrdAdaptor/src/XrdHostHandler.hh"
 
 static constexpr int XRD_CL_MAX_CHUNK = 512 * 1024;
 
 static constexpr int XRD_ADAPTOR_SHORT_OPEN_DELAY = 5;
 
 #ifdef XRD_FAKE_OPEN_PROBE
 static constexpr int XRD_ADAPTOR_OPEN_PROBE_PERCENT = 100;
 static constexpr int XRD_ADAPTOR_LONG_OPEN_DELAY = 20;
 // This is the minimal difference in quality required to swap an active and inactive source
 static constexpr int XRD_ADAPTOR_SOURCE_QUALITY_FUDGE = 0;
 #else
 static constexpr int XRD_ADAPTOR_OPEN_PROBE_PERCENT = 10;
 static constexpr int XRD_ADAPTOR_LONG_OPEN_DELAY = 2 * 60;
 static constexpr int XRD_ADAPTOR_SOURCE_QUALITY_FUDGE = 100;
 #endif
 
 static constexpr int XRD_ADAPTOR_CHUNK_THRESHOLD = 1000;
 
 #ifdef __MACH__
 #include <mach/clock.h>
 #include <mach/mach.h>
 #define GET_CLOCK_MONOTONIC(ts)                                      \
   {                                                                  \
     clock_serv_t cclock;                                             \
     mach_timespec_t mts;                                             \
     host_get_clock_service(mach_host_self(), SYSTEM_CLOCK, &cclock); \
     clock_get_time(cclock, &mts);                                    \
     mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(), cclock);                  \
     ts.tv_sec = mts.tv_sec;                                          \
     ts.tv_nsec = mts.tv_nsec;                                        \
   }
 #else
 #define GET_CLOCK_MONOTONIC(ts) clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
 #endif
 
 using namespace XrdAdaptor;
 using namespace edm::storage;
 
 long long timeDiffMS(const timespec &a, const timespec &b) {
   long long diff = (a.tv_sec - b.tv_sec) * 1000;
   diff += (a.tv_nsec - b.tv_nsec) / 1e6;
   return diff;
 }
 
 /*
  * We do not care about the response of sending the monitoring information;
  * this handler class simply frees any returned buffer to prevent memory leaks.
  */
 class SendMonitoringInfoHandler : public XrdCl::ResponseHandler {
   void HandleResponse(XrdCl::XRootDStatus *status, XrdCl::AnyObject *response) override {
     if (response) {
       XrdCl::Buffer *buffer = nullptr;
       response->Get(buffer);
       response->Set(static_cast<int *>(nullptr));
       delete buffer;
     }
     // Send Info has a response object; we must delete it.
     delete response;
     delete status;
     delete this;
   }
 
   XrdCl::FileSystem m_fs;
 
 public:
   SendMonitoringInfoHandler(const SendMonitoringInfoHandler &) = delete;
   SendMonitoringInfoHandler &operator=(const SendMonitoringInfoHandler &) = delete;
   SendMonitoringInfoHandler() = delete;
 
   SendMonitoringInfoHandler(const std::string &url) : m_fs(url) {}
 
   XrdCl::FileSystem &fs() { return m_fs; }
 };
 
 static void SendMonitoringInfo(XrdCl::File &file) {
   // Do not send this to a dCache data server as they return an error.
   // In some versions of dCache, sending the monitoring information causes
   // the server to close the connection - resulting in failures.
   if (Source::isDCachePool(file)) {
     return;
   }
 
   // Send the monitoring info, if available.
   const char *jobId = edm::storage::StatisticsSenderService::getJobID();
   std::string lastUrl;
   file.GetProperty("LastURL", lastUrl);
   if (jobId && !lastUrl.empty()) {
     auto sm_handler = new SendMonitoringInfoHandler(lastUrl);
     if (!(sm_handler->fs().SendInfo(jobId, sm_handler, 30).IsOK())) {
       edm::LogWarning("XrdAdaptorInternal")
           << "Failed to send the monitoring information, monitoring ID is " << jobId << ".";
       delete sm_handler;
     }
     edm::LogInfo("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Set monitoring ID to " << jobId << ".";
   }
 }
 
 namespace {
   std::unique_ptr<std::string> getQueryTransport(const XrdCl::URL &url, uint16_t query) {
     XrdCl::AnyObject result;
     XrdCl::DefaultEnv::GetPostMaster()->QueryTransport(url, query, result);
     std::string *tmp;
     result.Get(tmp);
     return std::unique_ptr<std::string>(tmp);
   }
 
   void tracerouteRedirections(const XrdCl::HostList *hostList) {
     edm::LogInfo("XrdAdaptorLvl2").log([hostList](auto &li) {
       int idx_redirection = 1;
       li << "-------------------------------\nTraceroute:\n";
       for (auto const &host : *hostList) {
         // Query info
         std::unique_ptr<std::string> stack_ip_method = getQueryTransport(host.url, XrdCl::StreamQuery::IpStack);
         std::unique_ptr<std::string> ip_method = getQueryTransport(host.url, XrdCl::StreamQuery::IpAddr);
         std::unique_ptr<std::string> auth_method = getQueryTransport(host.url, XrdCl::TransportQuery::Auth);
         std::unique_ptr<std::string> hostname_method = getQueryTransport(host.url, XrdCl::StreamQuery::HostName);
         std::string type_resource = "endpoint";
         std::string authentication;
         // Organize redirection info
         if (!auth_method->empty()) {
           authentication = *auth_method;
         } else {
           authentication = "no auth";
         };
         if (host.loadBalancer == 1) {
           type_resource = "load balancer";
         };
         li.format("{}. || {} / {} / {} / {} / {} / {} ||\n",
                   idx_redirection,
                   *hostname_method,
                   *stack_ip_method,
                   *ip_method,
                   host.url.GetPort(),
                   authentication,
                   type_resource);
         ++idx_redirection;
       }
       li.format("-------------------------------");
     });
   }
 }  // namespace
 
 RequestManager::RequestManager(const std::string &filename, XrdCl::OpenFlags::Flags flags, XrdCl::Access::Mode perms)
     : m_serverToAdvertise(nullptr),
       m_timeout(XRD_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
       m_nextInitialSourceToggle(false),
       m_redirectLimitDelayScale(1),
       m_name(filename),
       m_flags(flags),
       m_perms(perms),
       m_distribution(0, 100),
       m_excluded_active_count(0) {}
 
 void RequestManager::initialize(std::weak_ptr<RequestManager> self) {
   m_open_handler = OpenHandler::getInstance(self);
 
   XrdCl::Env *env = XrdCl::DefaultEnv::GetEnv();
   if (env) {
     env->GetInt("StreamErrorWindow", m_timeout);
   }
 
   std::string orig_site;
   if (!Source::getXrootdSiteFromURL(m_name, orig_site) && (orig_site.find('.') == std::string::npos)) {
     std::string hostname;
     if (Source::getHostname(orig_site, hostname)) {
       Source::getDomain(hostname, orig_site);
     }
   }
 
   std::unique_ptr<XrdCl::File> file;
   edm::Exception ex(edm::errors::FileOpenError);
   bool validFile = false;
   const int retries = 5;
   std::string excludeString;
   for (int idx = 0; idx < retries; idx++) {
     file = std::make_unique<XrdCl::File>();
     auto opaque = prepareOpaqueString();
     std::string new_filename =
         m_name + (!opaque.empty() ? ((m_name.find('?') == m_name.npos) ? "?" : "&") + opaque : "");
     SyncHostResponseHandler handler;
     XrdCl::XRootDStatus openStatus = file->Open(new_filename, m_flags, m_perms, &handler);
     if (!openStatus
              .IsOK()) {  // In this case, we failed immediately - this indicates we have previously tried to talk to this
       // server and it was marked bad - xrootd couldn't even queue up the request internally!
       // In practice, we obsere this happening when the call to getXrootdSiteFromURL fails due to the
       // redirector being down or authentication failures.
       ex.clearMessage();
       ex.clearContext();
       ex.clearAdditionalInfo();
       ex << "XrdCl::File::Open(name='" << new_filename << "', flags=0x" << std::hex << m_flags << ", permissions=0"
          << std::oct << m_perms << std::dec << ") => error '" << openStatus.ToStr() << "' (errno=" << openStatus.errNo
          << ", code=" << openStatus.code << ")";
       ex.addContext("Calling XrdFile::open()");
       ex.addAdditionalInfo("Remote server already encountered a fatal error; no redirections were performed.");
       throw ex;
     }
     handler.WaitForResponse();
     std::unique_ptr<XrdCl::XRootDStatus> status = handler.GetStatus();
     std::unique_ptr<XrdCl::HostList> hostList = handler.GetHosts();
     tracerouteRedirections(hostList.get());
     Source::determineHostExcludeString(*file, hostList.get(), excludeString);
     assert(status);
     if (status->IsOK()) {
       validFile = true;
       break;
     } else {
       ex.clearMessage();
       ex.clearContext();
       ex.clearAdditionalInfo();
       ex << "XrdCl::File::Open(name='" << new_filename << "', flags=0x" << std::hex << m_flags << ", permissions=0"
          << std::oct << m_perms << std::dec << ") => error '" << status->ToStr() << "' (errno=" << status->errNo
          << ", code=" << status->code << ")";
       ex.addContext("Calling XrdFile::open()");
       addConnections(ex);
       std::string dataServer, lastUrl;
       file->GetProperty("DataServer", dataServer);
       file->GetProperty("LastURL", lastUrl);
       if (!dataServer.empty()) {
         ex.addAdditionalInfo("Problematic data server: " + dataServer);
       }
       if (!lastUrl.empty()) {
         ex.addAdditionalInfo("Last URL tried: " + lastUrl);
         edm::LogWarning("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Failed to open file at URL " << lastUrl << ".";
       }
       if (std::find(m_disabledSourceStrings.begin(), m_disabledSourceStrings.end(), dataServer) !=
           m_disabledSourceStrings.end()) {
         ex << ". No additional data servers were found.";
         throw ex;
       }
       if (!dataServer.empty()) {
         m_disabledSourceStrings.insert(dataServer);
         if (not excludeString.empty()) {
           m_disabledExcludeStrings.insert(excludeString);
         }
       }
       // In this case, we didn't go anywhere - we stayed at the redirector and it gave us a file-not-found.
       if (lastUrl == new_filename) {
         edm::LogWarning("XrdAdaptorInternal") << lastUrl << ", " << new_filename;
         throw ex;
       }
     }
   }
   if (!validFile) {
     throw ex;
   }
   SendMonitoringInfo(*file);
 
   timespec ts;
   GET_CLOCK_MONOTONIC(ts);
 
   auto source = std::make_shared<Source>(ts, std::move(file), excludeString);
   {
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
     auto oldList = m_activeSources;
     m_activeSources.push_back(source);
     reportSiteChange(oldList, m_activeSources, orig_site);
   }
   queueUpdateCurrentServer(source->ID());
   updateCurrentServer();
 
   m_lastSourceCheck = ts;
   ts.tv_sec += XRD_ADAPTOR_SHORT_OPEN_DELAY;
   m_nextActiveSourceCheck = ts;
 }
 
 /**
  * Update the StatisticsSenderService with the current server info.
  *
  * As this accesses the edm::Service infrastructure, this MUST be called
  * from an edm-managed thread.  It CANNOT be called from an Xrootd-managed
  * thread.
  */
 void RequestManager::updateCurrentServer() {
   // NOTE: we use memory_order_relaxed here, meaning that we may actually miss
   // a pending update.  *However*, since we call this for every read, we'll get it
   // eventually.
   if (LIKELY(!m_serverToAdvertise.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))) {
     return;
   }
   std::string *hostname_ptr;
   if ((hostname_ptr = m_serverToAdvertise.exchange(nullptr))) {
     std::unique_ptr<std::string> hostname(hostname_ptr);
     edm::Service<edm::storage::StatisticsSenderService> statsService;
     if (statsService.isAvailable()) {
       statsService->setCurrentServer(m_name, *hostname_ptr);
     }
   }
 }
 
 void RequestManager::queueUpdateCurrentServer(const std::string &id) {
   auto hostname = std::make_unique<std::string>(id);
   if (Source::getHostname(id, *hostname)) {
     std::string *null_hostname = nullptr;
     if (m_serverToAdvertise.compare_exchange_strong(null_hostname, hostname.get())) {
       hostname.release();
     }
   }
 }
 
 namespace {
   std::string formatSites(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> const &iSources) {
     std::string siteA, siteB;
     if (!iSources.empty()) {
       siteA = iSources[0]->Site();
     }
     if (iSources.size() == 2) {
       siteB = iSources[1]->Site();
     }
     std::string siteList = siteA;
     if (!siteB.empty() && (siteB != siteA)) {
       siteList = siteA + ", " + siteB;
     }
     return siteList;
   }
 }  // namespace
 
 void RequestManager::reportSiteChange(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> const &iOld,
                                       std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> const &iNew,
                                       std::string orig_site) const {
   auto siteList = formatSites(iNew);
   if (orig_site.empty() || (orig_site == siteList)) {
     auto oldSites = formatSites(iOld);
   }
 
   edm::LogInfo("XrdAdaptorLvl1").log([&](auto &li) {
     li << "Serving data from: ";
     int size_active_sources = iNew.size();
     for (int i = 0; i < size_active_sources; ++i) {
       std::string hostname_a;
       Source::getHostname(iNew[i]->PrettyID(), hostname_a);
       li.format("   [{}] {}", i + 1, hostname_a);
     }
   });
 
   edm::LogInfo("XrdAdaptorLvl3").log([&](auto &li) {
     li << "The quality of the active sources is: ";
     int size_active_sources = iNew.size();
     for (int i = 0; i < size_active_sources; ++i) {
       std::string hostname_a;
       Source::getHostname(iNew[i]->PrettyID(), hostname_a);
       std::string quality = std::to_string(iNew[i]->getQuality());
       li.format("   [{}] {} for {}", i + 1, quality, hostname_a);
     }
   });
 }
 
 void RequestManager::checkSources(timespec &now,
                                   IOSize requestSize,
                                   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> &activeSources,
                                   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> &inactiveSources) {
   edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Time since last check " << timeDiffMS(now, m_lastSourceCheck)
                                          << "; last check " << m_lastSourceCheck.tv_sec << "; now " << now.tv_sec
                                          << "; next check " << m_nextActiveSourceCheck.tv_sec << std::endl;
   if (timeDiffMS(now, m_lastSourceCheck) > 1000) {
     {  // Be more aggressive about getting rid of very bad sources.
       compareSources(now, 0, 1, activeSources, inactiveSources);
       compareSources(now, 1, 0, activeSources, inactiveSources);
     }
     if (timeDiffMS(now, m_nextActiveSourceCheck) > 0) {
       checkSourcesImpl(now, requestSize, activeSources, inactiveSources);
     }
   }
 }
 
 bool RequestManager::compareSources(const timespec &now,
                                     unsigned a,
                                     unsigned b,
                                     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> &activeSources,
                                     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> &inactiveSources) const {
   if (activeSources.size() < std::max(a, b) + 1) {
     return false;
   }
   unsigned quality_a = activeSources[a]->getQuality();
   unsigned quality_b = activeSources[b]->getQuality();
   bool findNewSource = false;
   if ((quality_a > 5130) || ((quality_a > 260) && (quality_b * 4 < quality_a))) {
     std::string hostname_a;
     Source::getHostname(activeSources[a]->ID(), hostname_a);
     if (quality_a > 5130) {
       edm::LogFwkInfo("XrdAdaptorLvl3") << "Deactivating " << hostname_a << " from active sources because the quality ("
                                         << quality_a << ") is above 5130 and it is not the only active server";
     }
     if ((quality_a > 260) && (quality_b * 4 < quality_a)) {
       std::string hostname_b;
       Source::getHostname(activeSources[b]->ID(), hostname_b);
       edm::LogFwkInfo("XrdAdaptorLvl3") << "Deactivating " << hostname_a << " from active sources because its quality ("
                                         << quality_a
                                         << ") is higher than 260 and 4 times larger than the other active server "
                                         << hostname_b << " (" << quality_b << ") ";
     }
     edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Removing " << hostname_a << " from active sources due to poor quality ("
                                            << quality_a << " vs " << quality_b << ")" << std::endl;
     if (activeSources[a]->getLastDowngrade().tv_sec != 0) {
       findNewSource = true;
     }
     activeSources[a]->setLastDowngrade(now);
     inactiveSources.emplace_back(activeSources[a]);
     auto oldSources = activeSources;
     activeSources.erase(activeSources.begin() + a);
     reportSiteChange(oldSources, activeSources);
   }
   return findNewSource;
 }
 
 void RequestManager::checkSourcesImpl(timespec &now,
                                       IOSize requestSize,
                                       std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> &activeSources,
                                       std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> &inactiveSources) {
   bool findNewSource = false;
   if (activeSources.size() <= 1) {
     findNewSource = true;
     edm::LogInfo("XrdAdaptorLvl3")
         << "Looking for an additional source because the number of active sources is smaller than 2";
   } else if (activeSources.size() > 1) {
     edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Source 0 quality " << activeSources[0]->getQuality()
                                            << ", source 1 quality " << activeSources[1]->getQuality() << std::endl;
     findNewSource |= compareSources(now, 0, 1, activeSources, inactiveSources);
     findNewSource |= compareSources(now, 1, 0, activeSources, inactiveSources);
 
     // NOTE: We could probably replace the copy with a better sort function.
     // However, there are typically very few sources and the correctness is more obvious right now.
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> eligibleInactiveSources;
     eligibleInactiveSources.reserve(inactiveSources.size());
     for (const auto &source : inactiveSources) {
       if (timeDiffMS(now, source->getLastDowngrade()) > (XRD_ADAPTOR_SHORT_OPEN_DELAY - 1) * 1000) {
         eligibleInactiveSources.push_back(source);
       }
     }
     auto bestInactiveSource =
         std::min_element(eligibleInactiveSources.begin(),
                          eligibleInactiveSources.end(),
                          [](const std::shared_ptr<Source> &s1, const std::shared_ptr<Source> &s2) {
                            return s1->getQuality() < s2->getQuality();
                          });
     auto worstActiveSource = std::max_element(activeSources.cbegin(),
                                               activeSources.cend(),
                                               [](const std::shared_ptr<Source> &s1, const std::shared_ptr<Source> &s2) {
                                                 return s1->getQuality() < s2->getQuality();
                                               });
     if (bestInactiveSource != eligibleInactiveSources.end() && bestInactiveSource->get()) {
       edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Best inactive source: " << (*bestInactiveSource)->PrettyID()
                                              << ", quality " << (*bestInactiveSource)->getQuality();
     }
     edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Worst active source: " << (*worstActiveSource)->PrettyID()
                                            << ", quality " << (*worstActiveSource)->getQuality();
     // Only upgrade the source if we only have one source and the best inactive one isn't too horrible.
     // Regardless, we will want to re-evaluate the new source quickly (within 5s).
     if ((bestInactiveSource != eligibleInactiveSources.end()) && activeSources.size() == 1 &&
         ((*bestInactiveSource)->getQuality() < 4 * activeSources[0]->getQuality())) {
       auto oldSources = activeSources;
       activeSources.push_back(*bestInactiveSource);
       reportSiteChange(oldSources, activeSources);
       for (auto it = inactiveSources.begin(); it != inactiveSources.end(); it++)
         if (it->get() == bestInactiveSource->get()) {
           inactiveSources.erase(it);
           break;
         }
     } else
       while ((bestInactiveSource != eligibleInactiveSources.end()) &&
              (*worstActiveSource)->getQuality() >
                  (*bestInactiveSource)->getQuality() + XRD_ADAPTOR_SOURCE_QUALITY_FUDGE) {
         edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal")
             << "Removing " << (*worstActiveSource)->PrettyID() << " from active sources due to quality ("
             << (*worstActiveSource)->getQuality() << ") and promoting " << (*bestInactiveSource)->PrettyID()
             << " (quality: " << (*bestInactiveSource)->getQuality() << ")" << std::endl;
         (*worstActiveSource)->setLastDowngrade(now);
         for (auto it = inactiveSources.begin(); it != inactiveSources.end(); it++)
           if (it->get() == bestInactiveSource->get()) {
             inactiveSources.erase(it);
             break;
           }
         inactiveSources.emplace_back(*worstActiveSource);
         auto oldSources = activeSources;
         activeSources.erase(worstActiveSource);
         activeSources.emplace_back(std::move(*bestInactiveSource));
         reportSiteChange(oldSources, activeSources);
         eligibleInactiveSources.clear();
         for (const auto &source : inactiveSources)
           if (timeDiffMS(now, source->getLastDowngrade()) > (XRD_ADAPTOR_LONG_OPEN_DELAY - 1) * 1000)
             eligibleInactiveSources.push_back(source);
         bestInactiveSource = std::min_element(eligibleInactiveSources.begin(),
                                               eligibleInactiveSources.end(),
                                               [](const std::shared_ptr<Source> &s1, const std::shared_ptr<Source> &s2) {
                                                 return s1->getQuality() < s2->getQuality();
                                               });
         worstActiveSource = std::max_element(activeSources.begin(),
                                              activeSources.end(),
                                              [](const std::shared_ptr<Source> &s1, const std::shared_ptr<Source> &s2) {
                                                return s1->getQuality() < s2->getQuality();
                                              });
       }
     if (!findNewSource && (timeDiffMS(now, m_lastSourceCheck) > 1000 * XRD_ADAPTOR_LONG_OPEN_DELAY)) {
       float r = m_distribution(m_generator);
       if (r < XRD_ADAPTOR_OPEN_PROBE_PERCENT) {
         findNewSource = true;
       }
     }
   }
   if (findNewSource) {
     m_open_handler->open();
     m_lastSourceCheck = now;
   }
 
   // Only aggressively look for new sources if we don't have two.
   if (activeSources.size() == 2) {
     now.tv_sec += XRD_ADAPTOR_LONG_OPEN_DELAY - XRD_ADAPTOR_SHORT_OPEN_DELAY;
   } else {
     now.tv_sec += XRD_ADAPTOR_SHORT_OPEN_DELAY;
   }
   m_nextActiveSourceCheck = now;
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<XrdCl::File> RequestManager::getActiveFile() const {
   std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
   if (m_activeSources.empty()) {
     edm::Exception ex(edm::errors::FileReadError);
     ex << "XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::getActiveFile(name='" << m_name << "', flags=0x" << std::hex << m_flags
        << ", permissions=0" << std::oct << m_perms << std::dec << ") => Source used after fatal exception.";
     ex.addContext("In XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::handle()");
     addConnections(ex);
     throw ex;
   }
   return m_activeSources[0]->getFileHandle();
 }
 
 void RequestManager::getActiveSourceNames(std::vector<std::string> &sources) const {
   std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
   sources.reserve(m_activeSources.size());
   for (auto const &source : m_activeSources) {
     sources.push_back(source->ID());
   }
 }
 
 void RequestManager::getPrettyActiveSourceNames(std::vector<std::string> &sources) const {
   std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
   sources.reserve(m_activeSources.size());
   for (auto const &source : m_activeSources) {
     sources.push_back(source->PrettyID());
   }
 }
 
 void RequestManager::getPrettyInactiveSourceNames(std::vector<std::string> &sources) const {
   std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
   sources.reserve(m_inactiveSources.size());
   for (auto const &source : m_inactiveSources) {
     sources.push_back(source->PrettyID());
   }
 }
 
 void RequestManager::getDisabledSourceNames(std::vector<std::string> &sources) const {
   sources.reserve(m_disabledSourceStrings.size());
   for (auto const &source : m_disabledSourceStrings) {
     sources.push_back(source);
   }
 }
 
 void RequestManager::addConnections(cms::Exception &ex) const {
   std::vector<std::string> sources;
   getPrettyActiveSourceNames(sources);
   for (auto const &source : sources) {
     ex.addAdditionalInfo("Active source: " + source);
   }
   sources.clear();
   getPrettyInactiveSourceNames(sources);
   for (auto const &source : sources) {
     ex.addAdditionalInfo("Inactive source: " + source);
   }
   sources.clear();
   getDisabledSourceNames(sources);
   for (auto const &source : sources) {
     ex.addAdditionalInfo("Disabled source: " + source);
   }
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<Source> RequestManager::pickSingleSource() {
   std::shared_ptr<Source> source = nullptr;
   {
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
     if (m_activeSources.size() == 2) {
       if (m_nextInitialSourceToggle) {
         source = m_activeSources[0];
         m_nextInitialSourceToggle = false;
       } else {
         source = m_activeSources[1];
         m_nextInitialSourceToggle = true;
       }
     } else if (m_activeSources.empty()) {
       edm::Exception ex(edm::errors::FileReadError);
       ex << "XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::handle read(name='" << m_name << "', flags=0x" << std::hex << m_flags
          << ", permissions=0" << std::oct << m_perms << std::dec << ") => Source used after fatal exception.";
       ex.addContext("In XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::handle()");
       addConnections(ex);
       throw ex;
     } else {
       source = m_activeSources[0];
     }
   }
   return source;
 }
 
 std::future<IOSize> RequestManager::handle(std::shared_ptr<XrdAdaptor::ClientRequest> c_ptr) {
   assert(c_ptr.get());
   timespec now;
   GET_CLOCK_MONOTONIC(now);
   //NOTE: can't hold lock while calling checkSources since can lead to lock inversion
   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> activeSources, inactiveSources;
   {
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
     activeSources = m_activeSources;
     inactiveSources = m_inactiveSources;
   }
   {
     //make sure we update values before calling pickSingelSource
     std::shared_ptr<void *> guard(nullptr, [this, &activeSources, &inactiveSources](void *) {
       std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
       m_activeSources = std::move(activeSources);
       m_inactiveSources = std::move(inactiveSources);
     });
 
     checkSources(now, c_ptr->getSize(), activeSources, inactiveSources);
   }
 
   std::shared_ptr<Source> source = pickSingleSource();
   source->handle(c_ptr);
   return c_ptr->get_future();
 }
 
 std::string RequestManager::prepareOpaqueString() const {
   struct {
     std::stringstream ss;
     size_t count = 0;
     bool has_active = false;
 
     void append_tried(const std::string &id, bool active = false) {
       ss << (count ? "," : "tried=") << id;
       count++;
       if (active) {
         has_active = true;
       }
     }
   } state;
   {
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
 
     for (const auto &it : m_activeSources) {
       state.append_tried(it->ExcludeID().substr(0, it->ExcludeID().find(':')), true);
     }
     for (const auto &it : m_inactiveSources) {
       state.append_tried(it->ExcludeID().substr(0, it->ExcludeID().find(':')));
     }
   }
   for (const auto &it : m_disabledExcludeStrings) {
     state.append_tried(it.substr(0, it.find(':')));
   }
   if (state.has_active) {
     state.ss << "&triedrc=resel";
   }
 
   return state.ss.str();
 }
 
 void XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::handleOpen(XrdCl::XRootDStatus &status, std::shared_ptr<Source> source) {
   std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
   if (status.IsOK()) {
     edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Successfully opened new source: " << source->PrettyID() << std::endl;
     m_redirectLimitDelayScale = 1;
     for (const auto &s : m_activeSources) {
       if (source->ID() == s->ID()) {
         edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal")
             << "Xrootd server returned excluded source " << source->PrettyID() << "; ignoring" << std::endl;
         unsigned returned_count = ++m_excluded_active_count;
         m_nextActiveSourceCheck.tv_sec += XRD_ADAPTOR_SHORT_OPEN_DELAY;
         if (returned_count >= 3) {
           m_nextActiveSourceCheck.tv_sec += XRD_ADAPTOR_LONG_OPEN_DELAY - 2 * XRD_ADAPTOR_SHORT_OPEN_DELAY;
         }
         return;
       }
     }
     for (const auto &s : m_inactiveSources) {
       if (source->ID() == s->ID()) {
         edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal")
             << "Xrootd server returned excluded inactive source " << source->PrettyID() << "; ignoring" << std::endl;
         m_nextActiveSourceCheck.tv_sec += XRD_ADAPTOR_LONG_OPEN_DELAY - XRD_ADAPTOR_SHORT_OPEN_DELAY;
         return;
       }
     }
     if (m_activeSources.size() < 2) {
       auto oldSources = m_activeSources;
       m_activeSources.push_back(source);
       reportSiteChange(oldSources, m_activeSources);
       queueUpdateCurrentServer(source->ID());
     } else {
       m_inactiveSources.push_back(source);
     }
   } else {  // File-open failure - wait at least 120s before next attempt.
     edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Got failure when trying to open a new source" << std::endl;
     int delayScale = 1;
     if (status.status == XrdCl::errRedirectLimit) {
       m_redirectLimitDelayScale = std::min(2 * m_redirectLimitDelayScale, 100);
       delayScale = m_redirectLimitDelayScale;
     }
     m_nextActiveSourceCheck.tv_sec += delayScale * XRD_ADAPTOR_LONG_OPEN_DELAY - XRD_ADAPTOR_SHORT_OPEN_DELAY;
   }
 }
 
 std::future<IOSize> XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::handle(std::shared_ptr<std::vector<IOPosBuffer>> iolist) {
   //Use a copy of m_activeSources and m_inactiveSources throughout this function
   // in order to avoid holding the lock a long time and causing a deadlock.
   // When the function is over we will update the values of the containers
   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> activeSources, inactiveSources;
   {
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
     activeSources = m_activeSources;
     inactiveSources = m_inactiveSources;
   }
   //Make sure we update changes when we leave the function
   std::shared_ptr<void *> guard(nullptr, [this, &activeSources, &inactiveSources](void *) {
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
     m_activeSources = std::move(activeSources);
     m_inactiveSources = std::move(inactiveSources);
   });
 
   updateCurrentServer();
 
   timespec now;
   GET_CLOCK_MONOTONIC(now);
 
 #if defined(CPUTIME_IN_XRD)
   edm::CPUTimer timer;
   timer.start();
 #endif
 
   if (activeSources.size() == 1) {
     auto c_ptr = std::make_shared<XrdAdaptor::ClientRequest>(*this, iolist);
     checkSources(now, c_ptr->getSize(), activeSources, inactiveSources);
     activeSources[0]->handle(c_ptr);
     return c_ptr->get_future();
   }
   // Make sure active
   else if (activeSources.empty()) {
     edm::Exception ex(edm::errors::FileReadError);
     ex << "XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::handle readv(name='" << m_name << "', flags=0x" << std::hex << m_flags
        << ", permissions=0" << std::oct << m_perms << std::dec << ") => Source used after fatal exception.";
     ex.addContext("In XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::handle()");
     addConnections(ex);
     throw ex;
   }
 
   assert(iolist.get());
   auto req1 = std::make_shared<std::vector<IOPosBuffer>>();
   auto req2 = std::make_shared<std::vector<IOPosBuffer>>();
   splitClientRequest(*iolist, *req1, *req2, activeSources);
 
   checkSources(now, req1->size() + req2->size(), activeSources, inactiveSources);
   // CheckSources may have removed a source
   if (activeSources.size() == 1) {
     auto c_ptr = std::make_shared<XrdAdaptor::ClientRequest>(*this, iolist);
     activeSources[0]->handle(c_ptr);
     return c_ptr->get_future();
   }
 
   std::shared_ptr<XrdAdaptor::ClientRequest> c_ptr1, c_ptr2;
   std::future<IOSize> future1, future2;
   if (!req1->empty()) {
     c_ptr1 = std::make_shared<XrdAdaptor::ClientRequest>(*this, req1);
     activeSources[0]->handle(c_ptr1);
     future1 = c_ptr1->get_future();
   }
   if (!req2->empty()) {
     c_ptr2 = std::make_shared<XrdAdaptor::ClientRequest>(*this, req2);
     activeSources[1]->handle(c_ptr2);
     future2 = c_ptr2->get_future();
   }
   if (!req1->empty() && !req2->empty()) {
     std::future<IOSize> task = std::async(
         std::launch::deferred,
         [](std::future<IOSize> a, std::future<IOSize> b) {
           // Wait until *both* results are available.  This is essential
           // as the callback may try referencing the RequestManager.  If one
           // throws an exception (causing the RequestManager to be destroyed by
           // XrdFile) and the other has a failure, then the recovery code will
           // reference the destroyed RequestManager.
           //
           // Unlike other places where we use shared/weak ptrs to maintain object
           // lifetime and destruction asynchronously, we *cannot* destroy the request
           // asynchronously as it is associated with a ROOT buffer.  We must wait until we
           // are guaranteed that XrdCl will not write into the ROOT buffer before we
           // can return.
           b.wait();
           a.wait();
           return b.get() + a.get();
         },
         std::move(future1),
         std::move(future2));
 #if defined(CPUTIME_IN_XRD)
     timer.stop();
     edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal")
         << "Total time to create requests " << static_cast<int>(1000 * timer.realTime()) << std::endl;
 #endif
     return task;
   } else if (!req1->empty()) {
     return future1;
   } else if (!req2->empty()) {
     return future2;
   } else {  // Degenerate case - no bytes to read.
     std::promise<IOSize> p;
     p.set_value(0);
     return p.get_future();
   }
 }
 
 void RequestManager::requestFailure(std::shared_ptr<XrdAdaptor::ClientRequest> c_ptr, XrdCl::Status &c_status) {
   std::shared_ptr<Source> source_ptr = c_ptr->getCurrentSource();
 
   // Fail early for invalid responses - XrdFile has a separate path for handling this.
   if (c_status.code == XrdCl::errInvalidResponse) {
     edm::LogWarning("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Invalid response when reading from " << source_ptr->PrettyID();
     XrootdException ex(c_status, edm::errors::FileReadError);
     ex << "XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::requestFailure readv(name='" << m_name << "', flags=0x" << std::hex << m_flags
        << ", permissions=0" << std::oct << m_perms << std::dec << ", old source=" << source_ptr->PrettyID()
        << ") => Invalid ReadV response from server";
     ex.addContext("In XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::requestFailure()");
     addConnections(ex);
     throw ex;
   }
   edm::LogWarning("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Request failure when reading from " << source_ptr->PrettyID();
 
   // Note that we do not delete the Source itself.  That is because this
   // function may be called from within XrdCl::ResponseHandler::HandleResponseWithHosts
   // In such a case, if you close a file in the handler, it will deadlock
   m_disabledSourceStrings.insert(source_ptr->ID());
   if (auto const &eid = source_ptr->ExcludeID(); not eid.empty()) {
     m_disabledExcludeStrings.insert(eid);
   }
   m_disabledSources.insert(source_ptr);
 
   std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_source_mutex);
   // Remove the failed source from the container of active sources
   if (auto found = std::ranges::find_if(
           m_activeSources, [&source_ptr](const std::shared_ptr<Source> &src) { return src.get() == source_ptr.get(); });
       found != m_activeSources.end()) {
     auto oldSources = m_activeSources;
     m_activeSources.erase(found);
     reportSiteChange(oldSources, m_activeSources);
   }
   // Find a new source to send the request to
   // - First, if there is another active source, use it
   // - Then, if there are no active sources, if there are inactive
   //   sources, use the best inactive source
   // - Then, if there are no active or inactice sources, try to open a
   //   new connection for a new source
   std::shared_ptr<Source> new_source;
   if (not m_activeSources.empty()) {
     new_source = m_activeSources[0];
   } else if (not m_inactiveSources.empty()) {
     // similar logic as in checkSourcesImpl()
     // assume the "sort open delay" doesn't matter in case of a request failure
     auto bestInactiveSource =
         std::min_element(m_inactiveSources.begin(),
                          m_inactiveSources.end(),
                          [](const std::shared_ptr<Source> &s1, const std::shared_ptr<Source> &s2) {
                            return s1->getQuality() < s2->getQuality();
                          });
     new_source = *bestInactiveSource;
 
     auto oldSources = m_activeSources;
     m_activeSources.push_back(*bestInactiveSource);
     m_inactiveSources.erase(bestInactiveSource);
     reportSiteChange(oldSources, m_activeSources);
   } else {
     std::shared_future<std::shared_ptr<Source>> future = m_open_handler->open();
     timespec now;
     GET_CLOCK_MONOTONIC(now);
     m_lastSourceCheck = now;
     // Note we only wait for 180 seconds here.  This is because we've already failed
     // once and the likelihood the program has some inconsistent state is decent.
     // We'd much rather fail hard than deadlock!
     sentry.unlock();
     std::future_status status = future.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds(m_timeout + 10));
     if (status == std::future_status::timeout) {
       XrootdException ex(c_status, edm::errors::FileOpenError);
       ex << "XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::requestFailure Open(name='" << m_name << "', flags=0x" << std::hex << m_flags
          << ", permissions=0" << std::oct << m_perms << std::dec << ", old source=" << source_ptr->PrettyID()
          << ") => timeout when waiting for file open";
       ex.addContext("In XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::requestFailure()");
       addConnections(ex);
       throw ex;
     } else {
       try {
         new_source = future.get();
       } catch (edm::Exception &ex) {
         ex.addContext("Handling XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::requestFailure()");
         ex.addAdditionalInfo("Original failed source is " + source_ptr->PrettyID());
         throw;
       }
     }
 
     if (std::find(m_disabledSourceStrings.begin(), m_disabledSourceStrings.end(), new_source->ID()) !=
         m_disabledSourceStrings.end()) {
       // The server gave us back a data node we requested excluded.  Fatal!
       XrootdException ex(c_status, edm::errors::FileOpenError);
       ex << "XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::requestFailure Open(name='" << m_name << "', flags=0x" << std::hex << m_flags
          << ", permissions=0" << std::oct << m_perms << std::dec << ", old source=" << source_ptr->PrettyID()
          << ", new source=" << new_source->PrettyID() << ") => Xrootd server returned an excluded source";
       ex.addContext("In XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::requestFailure()");
       addConnections(ex);
       throw ex;
     }
     sentry.lock();
 
     auto oldSources = m_activeSources;
     m_activeSources.push_back(new_source);
     reportSiteChange(oldSources, m_activeSources);
   }
   new_source->handle(c_ptr);
 }
 
 static void consumeChunkFront(size_t &front,
                               std::vector<IOPosBuffer> &input,
                               std::vector<IOPosBuffer> &output,
                               IOSize chunksize) {
   while ((chunksize > 0) && (front < input.size()) && (output.size() <= XRD_ADAPTOR_CHUNK_THRESHOLD)) {
     IOPosBuffer &io = input[front];
     IOPosBuffer &outio = output.back();
     if (io.size() > chunksize) {
       IOSize consumed;
       if (!output.empty() && (outio.size() < XRD_CL_MAX_CHUNK) &&
           (outio.offset() + static_cast<IOOffset>(outio.size()) == io.offset())) {
         if (outio.size() + chunksize > XRD_CL_MAX_CHUNK) {
           consumed = (XRD_CL_MAX_CHUNK - outio.size());
           outio.set_size(XRD_CL_MAX_CHUNK);
         } else {
           consumed = chunksize;
           outio.set_size(outio.size() + consumed);
         }
       } else {
         consumed = chunksize;
         output.emplace_back(IOPosBuffer(io.offset(), io.data(), chunksize));
       }
       chunksize -= consumed;
       IOSize newsize = io.size() - consumed;
       IOOffset newoffset = io.offset() + consumed;
       void *newdata = static_cast<char *>(io.data()) + consumed;
       io.set_offset(newoffset);
       io.set_data(newdata);
       io.set_size(newsize);
     } else if (io.size() == 0) {
       front++;
     } else {
       output.push_back(io);
       chunksize -= io.size();
       front++;
     }
   }
 }
 
 static void consumeChunkBack(size_t front,
                              std::vector<IOPosBuffer> &input,
                              std::vector<IOPosBuffer> &output,
                              IOSize chunksize) {
   while ((chunksize > 0) && (front < input.size()) && (output.size() <= XRD_ADAPTOR_CHUNK_THRESHOLD)) {
     IOPosBuffer &io = input.back();
     IOPosBuffer &outio = output.back();
     if (io.size() > chunksize) {
       IOSize consumed;
       if (!output.empty() && (outio.size() < XRD_CL_MAX_CHUNK) &&
           (outio.offset() + static_cast<IOOffset>(outio.size()) == io.offset())) {
         if (outio.size() + chunksize > XRD_CL_MAX_CHUNK) {
           consumed = (XRD_CL_MAX_CHUNK - outio.size());
           outio.set_size(XRD_CL_MAX_CHUNK);
         } else {
           consumed = chunksize;
           outio.set_size(outio.size() + consumed);
         }
       } else {
         consumed = chunksize;
         output.emplace_back(IOPosBuffer(io.offset(), io.data(), chunksize));
       }
       chunksize -= consumed;
       IOSize newsize = io.size() - consumed;
       IOOffset newoffset = io.offset() + consumed;
       void *newdata = static_cast<char *>(io.data()) + consumed;
       io.set_offset(newoffset);
       io.set_data(newdata);
       io.set_size(newsize);
     } else if (io.size() == 0) {
       input.pop_back();
     } else {
       output.push_back(io);
       chunksize -= io.size();
       input.pop_back();
     }
   }
 }
 
 static IOSize validateList(const std::vector<IOPosBuffer> req) {
   IOSize total = 0;
   off_t last_offset = -1;
   for (const auto &it : req) {
     total += it.size();
     assert(it.offset() > last_offset);
     last_offset = it.offset();
     assert(it.size() <= XRD_CL_MAX_CHUNK);
     assert(it.offset() < 0x1ffffffffff);
   }
   assert(req.size() <= 1024);
   return total;
 }
 
 void XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::splitClientRequest(const std::vector<IOPosBuffer> &iolist,
                                                     std::vector<IOPosBuffer> &req1,
                                                     std::vector<IOPosBuffer> &req2,
                                                     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Source>> const &activeSources) const {
   if (iolist.empty())
     return;
   std::vector<IOPosBuffer> tmp_iolist(iolist.begin(), iolist.end());
   req1.reserve(iolist.size() / 2 + 1);
   req2.reserve(iolist.size() / 2 + 1);
   size_t front = 0;
 
   // The quality of both is increased by 5 to prevent strange effects if quality is 0 for one source.
   float q1 = static_cast<float>(activeSources[0]->getQuality()) + 5;
   float q2 = static_cast<float>(activeSources[1]->getQuality()) + 5;
   IOSize chunk1, chunk2;
   // Make sure the chunk size is at least 1024; little point to reads less than that size.
   chunk1 = std::max(static_cast<IOSize>(static_cast<float>(XRD_CL_MAX_CHUNK) * (q2 * q2 / (q1 * q1 + q2 * q2))),
                     static_cast<IOSize>(1024));
   chunk2 = std::max(static_cast<IOSize>(static_cast<float>(XRD_CL_MAX_CHUNK) * (q1 * q1 / (q1 * q1 + q2 * q2))),
                     static_cast<IOSize>(1024));
 
   IOSize size_orig = 0;
   for (const auto &it : iolist)
     size_orig += it.size();
 
   while (tmp_iolist.size() - front > 0) {
     if ((req1.size() >= XRD_ADAPTOR_CHUNK_THRESHOLD) &&
         (req2.size() >=
          XRD_ADAPTOR_CHUNK_THRESHOLD)) {  // The XrdFile::readv implementation should guarantee that no more than approximately 1024 chunks
       // are passed to the request manager.  However, because we have a max chunk size, we increase
       // the total number slightly.  Theoretically, it's possible an individual readv of total size >2GB where
       // each individual chunk is >1MB could result in this firing.  However, within the context of CMSSW,
       // this cannot happen (ROOT uses readv for TTreeCache; TTreeCache size is 20MB).
       edm::Exception ex(edm::errors::FileReadError);
       ex << "XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::splitClientRequest(name='" << m_name << "', flags=0x" << std::hex << m_flags
          << ", permissions=0" << std::oct << m_perms << std::dec
          << ") => Unable to split request between active servers.  This is an unexpected internal error and should be "
             "reported to CMSSW developers.";
       ex.addContext("In XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::requestFailure()");
       addConnections(ex);
       std::stringstream ss;
       ss << "Original request size " << iolist.size() << "(" << size_orig << " bytes)";
       ex.addAdditionalInfo(ss.str());
       std::stringstream ss2;
       ss2 << "Quality source 1 " << q1 - 5 << ", quality source 2: " << q2 - 5;
       ex.addAdditionalInfo(ss2.str());
       throw ex;
     }
     if (req1.size() < XRD_ADAPTOR_CHUNK_THRESHOLD) {
       consumeChunkFront(front, tmp_iolist, req1, chunk1);
     }
     if (req2.size() < XRD_ADAPTOR_CHUNK_THRESHOLD) {
       consumeChunkBack(front, tmp_iolist, req2, chunk2);
     }
   }
   std::sort(req1.begin(), req1.end(), [](const IOPosBuffer &left, const IOPosBuffer &right) {
     return left.offset() < right.offset();
   });
   std::sort(req2.begin(), req2.end(), [](const IOPosBuffer &left, const IOPosBuffer &right) {
     return left.offset() < right.offset();
   });
 
   IOSize size1 = validateList(req1);
   IOSize size2 = validateList(req2);
 
   assert(size_orig == size1 + size2);
 
   edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Original request size " << iolist.size() << " (" << size_orig
                                          << " bytes) split into requests size " << req1.size() << " (" << size1
                                          << " bytes) and " << req2.size() << " (" << size2 << " bytes)" << std::endl;
 }
 
 XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::OpenHandler::OpenHandler(std::weak_ptr<RequestManager> manager) : m_manager(manager) {}
 
 // Cannot use ~OpenHandler=default as XrdCl::File is not fully
 // defined in the header.
 XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::OpenHandler::~OpenHandler() {}
 
 void XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::OpenHandler::HandleResponseWithHosts(XrdCl::XRootDStatus *status_ptr,
                                                                       XrdCl::AnyObject *,
                                                                       XrdCl::HostList *hostList_ptr) {
   // Make sure we get rid of the strong self-reference when the callback finishes.
   std::shared_ptr<OpenHandler> self = m_self;
   m_self.reset();
 
   // NOTE: as in XrdCl::File (synchronous), we ignore the response object.
   // Make sure that we set m_outstanding_open to false on exit from this function.
   // NOTE: we need to pass non-nullptr to unique_ptr in order for the guard to run
   std::unique_ptr<OpenHandler, std::function<void(OpenHandler *)>> outstanding_guard(
       this, [&](OpenHandler *) { m_outstanding_open = false; });
 
   std::shared_ptr<Source> source;
   std::unique_ptr<XrdCl::XRootDStatus> status(status_ptr);
   std::unique_ptr<XrdCl::HostList> hostList(hostList_ptr);
   tracerouteRedirections(hostList.get());
   auto manager = m_manager.lock();
   // Manager object has already been deleted.  Cleanup the
   // response objects, remove our self-reference, and ignore the response.
   if (!manager) {
     return;
   }
   //if we need to delete the File object we must do it outside
   // of the lock to avoid a potential deadlock
   std::unique_ptr<XrdCl::File> releaseFile;
   {
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_mutex);
 
     if (status->IsOK()) {
       SendMonitoringInfo(*m_file);
       timespec now;
       GET_CLOCK_MONOTONIC(now);
 
       std::string excludeString;
       Source::determineHostExcludeString(*m_file, hostList.get(), excludeString);
 
       source = std::make_shared<Source>(now, std::move(m_file), excludeString);
       m_promise.set_value(source);
     } else {
       releaseFile = std::move(m_file);
       edm::Exception ex(edm::errors::FileOpenError);
       ex << "XrdCl::File::Open(name='" << manager->m_name << "', flags=0x" << std::hex << manager->m_flags
          << ", permissions=0" << std::oct << manager->m_perms << std::dec << ") => error '" << status->ToStr()
          << "' (errno=" << status->errNo << ", code=" << status->code << ")";
       ex.addContext("In XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::OpenHandler::HandleResponseWithHosts()");
       manager->addConnections(ex);
       m_promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(ex));
     }
   }
   manager->handleOpen(*status, source);
 }
 
 std::string XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::OpenHandler::current_source() {
   std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_mutex);
 
   if (!m_file.get()) {
     return "(no open in progress)";
   }
   std::string dataServer;
   m_file->GetProperty("DataServer", dataServer);
   if (dataServer.empty()) {
     return "(unknown source)";
   }
   return dataServer;
 }
 
 std::shared_future<std::shared_ptr<Source>> XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::OpenHandler::open() {
   auto manager_ptr = m_manager.lock();
   if (!manager_ptr) {
     edm::Exception ex(edm::errors::LogicError);
     ex << "XrdCl::File::Open() =>"
        << " error: OpenHandler called within an invalid RequestManager context."
        << "  This is a logic error and should be reported to the CMSSW developers.";
     ex.addContext("Calling XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::OpenHandler::open()");
     throw ex;
   }
   RequestManager &manager = *manager_ptr;
   auto self_ptr = m_self_weak.lock();
   if (!self_ptr) {
     edm::Exception ex(edm::errors::LogicError);
     ex << "XrdCl::File::Open() => error: "
        << "OpenHandler called after it was deleted.  This is a logic error "
        << "and should be reported to the CMSSW developers.";
     ex.addContext("Calling XrdAdapter::RequestManager::OpenHandler::open()");
     throw ex;
   }
 
   // NOTE NOTE: we look at this variable *without* the lock.  This means the method
   // is not thread-safe; the caller is responsible to verify it is not called from
   // multiple threads simultaneously.
   //
   // This is done because ::open may be called from a Xrootd callback; if we
   // tried to hold m_mutex here, this object's callback may also be active, hold m_mutex,
   // and make a call into xrootd (when it invokes m_file.reset()).  Hence, our callback
   // holds our mutex and attempts to grab an Xrootd mutex; RequestManager::requestFailure holds
   // an Xrootd mutex and tries to hold m_mutex.  This is a classic deadlock.
   if (m_outstanding_open) {
     return m_shared_future;
   }
   std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> sentry(m_mutex);
   std::promise<std::shared_ptr<Source>> new_promise;
   m_promise.swap(new_promise);
   m_shared_future = m_promise.get_future().share();
 
   auto opaque = manager.prepareOpaqueString();
   std::string new_name = manager.m_name + ((manager.m_name.find('?') == manager.m_name.npos) ? "?" : "&") + opaque;
   edm::LogVerbatim("XrdAdaptorInternal") << "Trying to open URL: " << new_name;
   m_file = std::make_unique<XrdCl::File>();
   m_outstanding_open = true;
 
   // Always make sure we release m_file and set m_outstanding_open to false on error.
   std::unique_ptr<OpenHandler, std::function<void(OpenHandler *)>> exit_guard(this, [&](OpenHandler *) {
     m_outstanding_open = false;
     m_file.reset();
   });
 
   XrdCl::XRootDStatus status;
   if (!(status = m_file->Open(new_name, manager.m_flags, manager.m_perms, this)).IsOK()) {
     edm::Exception ex(edm::errors::FileOpenError);
     ex << "XrdCl::File::Open(name='" << new_name << "', flags=0x" << std::hex << manager.m_flags << ", permissions=0"
        << std::oct << manager.m_perms << std::dec << ") => error '" << status.ToStr() << "' (errno=" << status.errNo
        << ", code=" << status.code << ")";
     ex.addContext("Calling XrdAdaptor::RequestManager::OpenHandler::open()");
     manager.addConnections(ex);
     throw ex;
   }
   exit_guard.release();
   // Have a strong self-reference for as long as the callback is in-progress.
   m_self = self_ptr;
   return m_shared_future;
 }

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